Modern agriculture has witnessed an ~160% increase in global production since the 1950s. Our analyses identify distinct flux patterns supporting faster growth in photosynthetic cells, with some of the algae exhibiting faster ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration and increased fluxes through the lower glycolysis and anaplerotic pathways towards the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid synthesis and lipid synthesis than in higher plants.Īn increase in agricultural yield of 70% or more is required by 2050 to meet the growing demand of the world population 1, 2. We estimated flux patterns in these algae and compared them with published and new data from C 3 and C 4 plants. Using a tailor-made microfluidics labelling system to supply 13CO 2 at steady state, we investigated in vivo labelling kinetics in intermediates of the Calvin Benson cycle and sugar, starch, organic acid and amino acid synthesis pathways, and in protein and lipids, in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlorella ohadii, which is the fastest growing green alga on record. Whilst empirical studies have shown that photosynthetic efficiency is higher in microalgae than in C 3 or C 4 crops, the underlying reasons remain unclear. Photosynthesis-related pathways are regarded as a promising avenue for crop improvement.
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